How the Mediterranean Sea Became a Desert and Then Was Flooded Again
The Messinian salinity crisis
The Messinian salinity crisis was a geological event that occurred during the late Miocene epoch, around 5.96 to 5.33 million years ago. During this time, the Mediterranean Sea was completely isolated from the Atlantic Ocean, and as a result, it evaporated, leaving behind a vast salt desert.
The causes of the Messinian salinity crisis
One of the main causes of the Messinian salinity crisis was the formation of the Gibraltar Arc, a geological feature that blocked the Strait of Gibraltar. This prevented water from the Atlantic Ocean from flowing into the Mediterranean Sea.
Another contributing factor was the global climate change that occurred during the late Miocene epoch. The Earth's climate was becoming cooler and drier, which led to a decrease in rainfall in the Mediterranean region.
The effects of the Messinian salinity crisis
The Messinian salinity crisis had a profound impact on the Mediterranean Sea. The complete evaporation of the sea led to the formation of a vast salt desert, which covered an area of over 1 million square kilometers.
The salt desert was home to a unique ecosystem, which included animals such as rhinos, elephants, and hippos. These animals were able to survive in the harsh conditions of the desert by drinking from the few remaining water sources.
However, the Messinian salinity crisis did not last forever. Around 5.33 million years ago, the Gibraltar Arc collapsed, and water from the Atlantic Ocean began to flow back into the Mediterranean Sea. This led to the flooding of the salt desert and the return of the Mediterranean Sea.
The legacy of the Messinian salinity crisis
The Messinian salinity crisis is a fascinating geological event that has left a lasting legacy on the Mediterranean Sea. The salt deposits that were formed during the crisis are still visible today, and they provide scientists with valuable information about the past climate of the region.
The Messinian salinity crisis is also a reminder of the power of nature. It shows that even the largest and most stable ecosystems can be changed by geological events.
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